- - Early detection is key to successful treatment
  - Types of tests – DRE, PSA, TRUS, Biopsy and MRI
  - Timing of tests to be performed….

- - Second most common cancer among men in the United States
  - African American men are more likely to be….

- - Race
  - Genetic factors BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes HOXB13, MSR1, and ETV1 genes….

- - Age
  - Diet
  - Exposure to certain chemicals
  - Medications Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Statins….

- - Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)
  - American Urological Association (AUA)
  - European Association of Urology (EAU)….

DRE digital rectal examination
- - detection of lumps, hard spots, or other changes in the prostate indicating the presence of cancer
  - enlargement of the prostate, sign of benign prostatic hyperplasia
  - tenderness, sign of prostatitis
  - not reliable method of diagnosing prostate cancer
  - in case of any abnormality, further testing needed to confirm the diagnosis
PSA protein produced by the prostate measured in blood
- - discuss over-diagnosis and over-treatment with your primary healthcare provider
TRUS transrectal ultrasound, non-invasive imaging technique
- - used to monitor the progression of prostate cancer and to assess the effectiveness of treatment
Biopsy sample of tissue from the prostate and examines it under a microscope to look for cancer cells
- - most accurate way to diagnose prostate cancer
  - helps to rule out other conditions that may be causing symptoms similar to those of prostate cancer
  - complications can include infection, bleeding, and pain; can be uncomfortable and may require a few days of recovery
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- - more sensitive than other imaging techniques, such as transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and computed tomography (CT), in detecting prostate cancer
  - helps to identify the stage of the cancer
  - can be used in conjunction with DRE and PSA to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the prostate

Pros: Early Detection, Improved Quality of Life and Cost Savings

Cons: False Positives, Over-diagnosis and Costs

Prostate Cancer01 pertinent information

PROSTATE CANCER